Journal of Current Glaucoma Practice

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2016 | May-August | Volume 10 | Issue 2

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EDITORIAL

Tarek Shaarawy

Editorial

[Year:2016] [Month:May-August] [Volume:10] [Number:2] [Pages:1] [Pages No:0 - 0]

   DOI: 10.5005/jocgp-10-2-iv  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

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Original Article

Purvi R Bhagat, Kushal U Agrawal, Dipali Tandel

Study of the Effect of Injection Bevacizumab through Various Routes in Neovascular Glaucoma

[Year:2016] [Month:May-August] [Volume:10] [Number:2] [Pages:10] [Pages No:39 - 48]

Keywords: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, Bevacizumab, Glaucoma, Neovascular

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10008-1200  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Purpose: To study the effect of injection bevacizumab on iris neovascularization (NVI) and angle neovascularization (NVA) and compare its efficacy in terms of visual outcome, NVI, NVA, and intraocular pressure (IOP) control between intracameral, intravitreal, and combined use. Materials and methods: This was a prospective study conducted at a tertiary center for patients of neovascular glaucoma (NVG), including 20 eyes of 20 patients. After thorough evaluation, patients were divided into three groups: Intracameral, intravitreal, or combined, according to the route of injection bevacizumab required. Results: About 30% of patients belonged to the age group 51 to 60 years of which 80% were female. In 50%, vein occlusion was the cause of NVG, and 50% needed intravitreal injection bevacizumab. After 4th week of injection 90% and after 12th week 60% were found to have absence of NVI. Patients who had IOP in the range of 11 to 20 mm Hg and 21 to 30 mm Hg showed lower IOP as compared to other groups. But no significant difference was noted in higher IOP groups. Only two patients required antiglaucoma surgery. There was no statistically significant difference in visual outcomes in any groups. In all routes, there were statistically significant changes in NVI and NVG in the 1st and 4th weeks. Conclusion: The effect of injection in all routes deteriorates after 8 weeks. Intracameral route of injection is found to be most effective in terms of control of IOP. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of improvement in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in any route. Injection bevacizumab is effective and statistically significant in reducing the need of antiglaucoma surgery for NVG patients.

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Original Article

Meenakshi Wadhwani, Sanjay K Mishra, Dewang Angmo, Thirumurthy Velpandian, Ramanjit Sihota, Ankita Kotnala

Evaluation of Physical Properties of Generic and Branded Travoprost Formulations

[Year:2016] [Month:May-August] [Volume:10] [Number:2] [Pages:7] [Pages No:49 - 55]

Keywords: Branded drugs, Ophthalmic generics, Prostaglandin analogs, Travoprost

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10008-1201  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Purpose: Comparative evaluation of pharmaceutical characteristics of three marketed generic vs branded travoprost formulations. Materials and methods: Three generic travoprost formulations and one branded (Travatan without benzalkonium chloride) formulation (10 vials each), obtained from authorized agents from the respective companies and having the same batch number, were used. These formulations were coded and labels were removed. At a standardized room temperature of 25°C, the drop size, pH, relative viscosity, and total drops per vial were determined for Travatan (Alcon, Fort Worth, TX, USA) and all the generic formulations. Travoprost concentration in all four brands was estimated by using liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry LCMS. Results: Out of the four formulations, two drugs (TP 1 and TP 4) were found to follow the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) limits for ophthalmic formulation regarding drug concentration, while the remaining two drugs failed due to the limits being either above 110% (TP 2) or below 90% (TP 3). Two of them (TP 1 and TP 2) had osmolality of 313 and 262 mOsm respectively, which did not comply with the osmolality limits within 300 mOsm (+ 10%). The pH of all the formulations ranged between 4.7 and 5.9, and the mean drop size was 30.23 ± 6.03 uL. The total amount of drug volume in the bottles varied from 2.58 ± 0.15 to 3.38 ± 0.06 mL/bottle. Conclusion: There are wide variations in the physical properties of generic formulations available in India. Although some generic drugs are compliant with the pharmacopeia standards, this study underscores the need for a better quality control in the production of generic travoprost formulations.

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Original Article

Ahmed M Abdelrahman, Hala M El Cheweikh, Dina MS El-Fayoumi, Riham SHM Allam

A New Ultrasound Biomicroscopic Sign seen after Deep Sclerectomy (Dolphin Head Sign)

[Year:2016] [Month:May-August] [Volume:10] [Number:2] [Pages:4] [Pages No:56 - 59]

Keywords: Deep sclerectomy, Dolphin head sign, Glaucoma, Glaucoma surgery, Ultrasound biomicroscopy

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10008-1202  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Purpose: To describe a new ultrasound biomicroscopic (UBM) sign seen in patients who underwent deep sclerectomy (DS) as a surgical procedure for the management of uncontrolled primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The presence of this sign in ultrasound biomicroscopy is suggested to be an indicator of successful surgery. We would like to name this sign as the “dolphin head sign.” Design: Prospective interventional study. Materials and methods: Twenty-eight eyes of 17 patients with POAG underwent DS with intraoperative mitomycin C (MMC) 0.3% applied for 2 minutes under the superficial scleral flap. Patients were followed up for a minimum of 6 months. Ultrasound biomicroscopy was done at the third postoperative month to evaluate the surgical area in both successful and failed cases. Results: The study included 28 eyes of 17 patients. The mean age of the study group was 42.90 ± 14.37 years (20–64 years). The study included 10 females and 7 males. The mean preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was 24.57 ± 6.37 mm Hg (20-38 mm Hg). The mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.57 ± 0.3 (0.05–1.00). Complete success has been achieved in 21 eyes (75%) during the follow-up period, with a mean IOP of 12.00 ± 3.86 mm Hg (6–20 mm Hg). The dolphin head sign was demonstrated only in successful cases, whereas the unsuccessful cases failed to show the typical sign. Conclusion: The presence of a “dolphin head” configuration in UBM images could be taken as an indicator of successful DS.

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Original Article

Robert A Sharpe, Leah L Kammerdiener, Kendall W Wannamaker, Jie Fan, Elizabeth D Sharpe

Comparison of Outcomes of Resident-performed Ahmed Valve Implantation vs Trabeculectomy

[Year:2016] [Month:May-August] [Volume:10] [Number:2] [Pages:8] [Pages No:60 - 67]

Keywords: Glaucoma, Resident, Trabeculectomy, Training, Valve

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10008-1203  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aims: To compare outcomes of resident-performed Ahmed valve surgery vs trabeculectomy in a Veteran Affairs medical facility. Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort of 103 eyes in 91 patients receiving Ahmed valve (valve) or trabeculectomy (trab) performed at a Veterans Administration Medical Center by residents in their third year of training. The primary outcomes included intraocular pressure (IOP), treatment failure, and complications over 1 year. Results: Of 103 eyes, 44 received valve and 59 received trab. Primary open-angle glaucoma was primary diagnosis more often in trab, while neovascular glaucoma predominated in the valve group (p < 0.001). Preoperative mean IOP was 35.1 ± 11.8 and 24.5 ± 7.1 mm Hg for valve and trabeculectomy respectively (p < 0.001), but at 1 year the IOP difference between groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.064). Overall, 11 (25.0%) and 11 (18.6%) eyes met any criteria for failure for valve and trab respectively. At 1 year, 22.5% of valves had IOP > 21 mm Hg vs only 4.3% of trab (p = 0.02). Complications were infrequent. There were no intraoperative complications for valve, whereas five for trab. Most common immediate complication for valve was hyphema. Both groups had low rates of choroidal effusions and reoperation. Conclusion: Ahmed valve implantation and trabeculectomy produce significant reductions in IOP when performed by residents-in-training. Valves tend to be used more frequently in patients with secondary glaucoma. Although complication profiles differ between procedures, both are safe and well tolerated when performed by resident physicians. Clinical significance: This study provides support for evidence-based patient counseling that supervised, resident-performed Ahmed valve implantation and trabeculectomy are indeed safe and effective.

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Original Article

M Sharanabasamma, K Vaibhav

Management and Visual Outcome in Patients of Lens-induced Glaucomas at a Tertiary Eye Care Hospital in South India

[Year:2016] [Month:May-August] [Volume:10] [Number:2] [Pages:8] [Pages No:68 - 75]

Keywords: Lens-induced glaucoma, Phacolytic glaucoma, Phacomorphic glaucoma

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10008-1204  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aims: To outline the different characteristics of glaucomas and to determine the risk factors and their consequences on postoperative visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), and inflammation, including corneal changes and optic disk changes. Settings and designs: Longitudinal prospective study done over a period of 1.5 years in a medical college hospital. Materials and methods: Fifty patients of lens-induced glaucoma (LIG) were included. At presentation, visual acuity, IOP, and inflammation, including corneal changes, were recorded. After medical line of treatment, postoperatively patients were followed up regularly at 2 and 7 weeks interval and the same parameters were evaluated including optic disk changes. Statistical analysis used: Paired t-test, chi-square test wherever applicable with p-value < 0.05 as significant. Results: The mean age of presentation was 60.68 years with female to male ratio of 1.7:1. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) of 6/18 or more was found in 54% cases, whereas visual acuity of less than 6/60 was seen in 26% of cases. Visual acuity of 6/12 or better was achieved in 72% (p < 0.01) of cases with symptoms less than 2 weeks and in 59.10% of cases with IOP of less than 35 mm Hg at presentation. The mean IOP in cases with duration of symptoms of 2 to 4 weeks was 40.33 ± 9.36 mm Hg. Optic disk of the affected eye suffered damage in 42% of cases and in 80% of cases with symptoms for more than 2 weeks. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment is beneficial in LIG cases.

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CASE REPORT

David Cordeiro Sousa, Inês Leal, Mun Yueh Faria, Luís Abegão Pinto

A Rare Manifestation of Uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema Syndrome

[Year:2016] [Month:May-August] [Volume:10] [Number:2] [Pages:3] [Pages No:76 - 78]

Keywords: Cataract surgery, In-the-bag intraocular lens spontaneous dislocation, Uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10008-1205  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Aims: To report a case of a patient who developed uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema (UGH) syndrome after an uneventful cataract surgery and to discuss risk factors, diagnostic challenges, management options, and clinical implications. Background: Uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome is a rare but potentially serious cataract surgery complication. Clinical manifestations include increased intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior chamber inflammation, and recurrent hyphema or microhyphema. Uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema Plus syndrome also includes accompanying vitreous hemorrhage. Although classically associated with rigid anterior chamber intraocular lenses (lOLs), cases of malpositioning and subluxated posterior chamber lOLs have also been described as possible triggers. Case description: We report a case of a 70-year-old Caucasian man who developed UGH Plus syndrome after an uneventful cataract surgery with an lOL implanted in the capsular bag. During postoperative follow-up, persistent intraocular inflammation, increased IOP, hyphema, and vitreous hemorrhage were consistent with this diagnosis. Slit-lamp examination demonstrated progressive localized iris atrophy, compatible with chafing of the posterior iris by the IOL haptic as the trigger for UGH syndrome. A pars plana vitrectomy was performed and a retropupillary intraocular lens was implanted. No further complications occurred during follow-up. Conclusion and clinical significance: Given the increasing prevalence of single-piece lOLs implanted in the capsular bag, it is important to recognize UGH syndrome as a rare but potentially serious complication.

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