Journal of Current Glaucoma Practice

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VOLUME 16 , ISSUE 3 ( September-December, 2022 ) > List of Articles

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Bleb-related Porcine Lymphatic Outflow Is Greater from Subconjunctival compared to Subtenon Blebs

Jong Yeon Lee, Clemens Adolf Strohmaier, Goichi Akiyama, Sindhu Saraswathy, Chungkwon Yoo, Yong Yeon Kim, Young-Kwon Hong, Alex S Huang

Keywords : Aqueous outflow, Blebs, Conjunctiva, Glaucoma surgery, Laboratory research, Lymphatics, Subconjunctival, Subtenon

Citation Information : Lee JY, Strohmaier CA, Akiyama G, Saraswathy S, Yoo C, Kim YY, Hong Y, Huang AS. Bleb-related Porcine Lymphatic Outflow Is Greater from Subconjunctival compared to Subtenon Blebs. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2022; 16 (3):144-151.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10078-1382

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 23-01-2023

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2022; The Author(s).


Abstract

Aim: Understanding the mechanism of fluid outflow by comparing the subconjunctival and subtenon spaces can lead to improved ocular therapeutics. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate subconjunctival vs subtenon lymphatic outflow by creating tracer-filled blebs in each location. Methods: Porcine (n = 20) eyes received subconjunctival or subtenon injection(s) of fixable and fluorescent dextrans. Blebs were angiographically imaged using a Heidelberg Spectralis ([Heidelberg Retina Angiograph] HRA + OCT; Heidelberg Engineering) and bleb-related lymphatic outflow pathways were counted. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of these pathways was used to assess structural lumens and the presence of valve-like structures. Furthermore, a comparison between tracer injection locations (superior/inferior/temporal/nasal) was made. Histologic analyses for subconjunctival and subtenon outflow pathways were performed, to confirm tracer co-localization with molecular lymphatic markers. Results: Subconjunctival blebs demonstrated a greater number of lymphatic outflow pathways compared to subtenon blebs in every quadrant [superior: 6.10 ± 1.18 (subconjunctival) vs 0.50 ± 0.27 (subtenon); temporal: 2.30 ± 0.40 vs 0.10 ± 0.10; nasal: 5.30 ± 0.60 vs 0.30 ± 0.21; inferior: 6.00 ±1.29 vs 0.1 ± 0.1; all comparisons p < 0.001]. For subconjunctival blebs, the temporal quadrant showed fewer lymphatic outflow pathways compared to the nasal side (p = 0.005). Discussion: Subconjunctival blebs accessed greater lymphatic outflow compared to subtenon blebs. Furthermore, regional differences existed, with fewer lymphatic vessels temporal than at the other locations. Clinical significance: Aqueous humor drainage after glaucoma surgery is incompletely understood. The present manuscript adds to our understanding of how lymphatics might influence filtration bleb function.


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